002CA00080     Buried Soil

Stratigraphic Matrix Diagram

                      002CA00001                                    
                                                           
                                                           
      002CA00218   002CA00770   002CA00046 = 002CA00045         002CA00047               002CA00102              
                                                           
    002CA00809   002CA00810     002CA00055 = 002CA00054 = 002CA00057   = 002CA00056               002CA00103         002CA00296    
                                                           
    002CA00813         002CA00096 = 002CA00095 = 002CA00097     002CA00064               002CA00104     002CA00297        
                                                           
              002CA00240 = 002CA00241   002CA00242     002CA00065   002CA00106   002CA00740         002CA00293            
                                                           
                                            002CA00299              
          002CA00771                                                
                                          002CA00298                
                    002CA00319                                      
                                           002CA00318   002CA00317            
          002CA00774       002CA00751   002CA00772   002CA00773                                
                                                      002CA00080    
                                                           
                                                           
    002CA01055    002CA01017      002CA01044       002CA01019             002CA00081                      
                                                           

The matrix diagram above shows the all the spits in which relate to the buried soil layer 002CA00080 in Area 2CA. Click on the spit number which you wish to see in more detail. If you wish to see the matrix for 002CA00081, or the full matrix, then click here.

All Contexts and Associated Finds Totals

MASTER KEY_ID OBJECTS BONES VOLUME DENSITY
002CA00080 002CA00045 116 56    
  002CA00046 111 43    
  002CA00047 82 6    
  002CA00054 106 91    
  002CA00055 130 156    
  002CA00056 97 24    
ARTEFACTS 002CA00057 2 13    
  002CA00064 12 2    
  002CA00065 18 2    
  002CA00095 64 112    
  002CA00096 50 124    
  002CA00097 67 29    
  002CA00102 63 23    
  002CA00103 84 20    
  002CA00104 78 15    
  002CA00106 8 1    
  002CA00218 45 62    
  002CA00240 58 175    
  002CA00241 99 193    
  002CA00242 40 52    
  002CA00293 6 2    
  002CA00296 25 17    
  002CA00297 34 30    
  002CA00298 58 13    
  002CA00299 3 1    
  002CA00318 58 37    
  002CA00319 47 63    
  002CA00740 0 0     
ARTEFACTS 002CA00751 5 103    
  002CA00770 22 32    
  002CA00771 193 167    
  002CA00772 132 104    
  002CA00773 87 71    
  002CA00774 7 0     
  002CA00809 20 3    
  002CA00810 170 12    
002CA00813 380 56

Discussion

The northernmost of two distinct buried soil deposits (with 002CA00081) which follow the eastern edge of a chalk knoll. It consisted mainly of loamy sand or sandy loam, with Munsell colours varying from 10YR 3/4 to 10YR 4/6. Both buried soils were excavated by the systematic removal of a number of spits, in this case 37 spits. It became apparent that this northern, more loamy of the two buried soils sealed the southern, more stony 002CA00081. The sheer density of material from these deposits was staggering, with the two buried soils together accounting for 5.17% of all objects and 2.12% of all animal bones found from the entire settlement excavation. However, they contained a different ratio of objects to animal bones with 002CA00080 containing 2519 objects (57%) and 1910 animal bones (43%). This can be compared with 1508 objects (92%) and only 126 animal bones (8%) from buried soil 002CA00081 to the south. Also of note was the quantity of cattle bones from this buried soil. In all but one of the spits, cattle bones were the most numerous species. Overall, 65% of all of the animal bones recovered were cattle.

Note that 4 of the spits (002CA00064, 002CA00065, 002CA00106 and 002CA00740) were removed during the examination of the stream channel (master 002CA07208) and these spits are dealt with under that master number entry.
 

Context Details

KEY_ID TYPE SHAPE L B D PROFILE NOTES
002CA00045 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1940 1080 3 UNDULATING N END 1ST SPIT THROUGH LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. LARGE CENTRAL WINDOW 2CA. FINDS DENSITY VERY GREAT. MUCH LARGE ANIMAL BONE. OCCASIONAL CLAY IN MATRIX BUT STREAM NOT REVEALED.
002CA00046 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2100 1400 3 UNDULATING 1ST SPIT WEST-CENTRAL AREA LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. IN LARGE CENTRAL BURIED SOIL WINDOW. SLIGHT CLAY CONTENT. ?FLOODING. FINDS DENSITY GREAT. MUCH LARGE ANIMAL BONE.
002CA00047 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1550 1250 3 UNDULATING 1ST SPIT REMOVED FROM BURIED SOIL M80. SW AREA LARGE CENTRAL WINDOW 2CA. MANY FINDS. THOUGH. LESS THAN IMMEDIATELY >N. ALSO SLIGHTLY HIGHER CLAY CONTENT IN MATRIX.
002CA00054 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2200 2100 3 FLAT 2ND SPIT EXCAVATED IN NW AREA CENTRAL BURIED SOIL WINDOW. VERY LARGE AMOUNTS ANIMAL BONE. DENSITY SHOWS SOME LINEAR N-S PATTERNING. ?INDICATING FEATURES BELOW.
002CA00055 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2100 1400 3 FLAT CENTRAL PART W SIDE 2ND SPIT LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. LARGE CENTRAL WINDOW. MASSIVE AMOUNTS LARGE ANIMAL BONE. SLIGHT N-S LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS NOTED.
002CA00056 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1550 1250 3 FLAT 2ND SPIT SW PART BURIED SOIL M80. LARGE CENTRAL WINDOW. DENSE FINDS DISTRIBUTION. INCLUSIONS POCKETS LARGE BONES. THOUGH. LESS THAN IN 55 >N.
002CA00057 ARTIFACTS No entry 150 100 3 No entry FIRST GROUP OF LARGE ANIMAL BONES ENCOUNTERED DURING EXCAVATED OF LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. W SIDE OF AREA. #. D SEPARATELY DUE TO MISIDENTIFICATION AS SKELETON.
002CA00095 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2200 2100 4 FLAT 3RD SPIT. NW PART CENTRAL BURIED SOIL WINDOW. LARGE QUANTITY BONE. MUCH OF IT LARGE. OTHER FINDS MORE SCARCE. 2 N-S LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS OF FINDS. FEW INCLUSIONS IN MATRIX.
002CA00096 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2100 1450 4 FLAT 3RD SPIT. WEST SIDE OF BURIED SOIL. FEW INCLUSIONS. ABUNDANT ANIMAL BONE FINDS. MOST IN 2 N/S LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS. LARGE FRAGMENTS IN WESTERN LINE.
002CA00097 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1550 1250 4 FLAT 3rd SPIT. SW PART OF LARGE BURIED SOIL WINDOW. FINDS ALMOST ENTIRELY ANIMAL BONE. SLIGHTLY LESS DENSE THAN SPIT 96 IMMEDIATELY >N. OCCASIONAL GRAVEL INCLUSIONS. SLIGHTLY MORE ON E SIDE.
002CA00102 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2400 1400 5 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN. NE PART LARGE BURIED SOIL WINDOW. IMMEDIATELY W OF N-S BAULK. FINDS MARKEDLY LESS DENSE THAN IN SPITS 45 AND c IMMEDIATELY >W. MATRIX LIGHTER AND SLIGHTLY SANDIER >E.
002CA00103 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2100 1550 5 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN. WEST-CENTRAL PART LARGE BURIED SOIL WINDOW. IMMEDIATELY W OF N-S BAULK. FINDS FEWER THAN IN SPITS 46 AND c IMMEDIATELY >W. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK INCLUSIONS.
002CA00104 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1700 1400 5 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN. SW PART LARGE BURIED SOIL WINDOW. IMMEDIATELY W OF N-S BAULK. FINDS LESS DENSE THAN IN SPITS 47 AND c IMMEDIATELY >W. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK INCLUSIONS.
002CA00218 SPIT TRIANGULAR 2600 900 3 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN OF AREA BETWEEN DITCH M162 AND W CURVED GULLY IN BURIED SOILS OF GRUB 138. BONE-RICH AND DISPLAYING LINEAR CONCENTRATION VISIBLE >N.
002CA00240 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 2200 2100 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM NW PART BURIED SOIL M80. BELOW SPIT 95. MATRIX Q FINE. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK INCLUSIONS. NATURAL GRAVEL PATCHES AND HARD IRON PAN. FINDS IN 2 LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS.
002CA00241 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 2100 1450 4 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM W PART BURIED SOIL M80. BELOW SPIT 96. MATRIX SLIGHTLY SILTY. SOME AREAS NATURAL GRAVEL EXPOSED. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK AND NATURAL FLINT. FINDS IN 2 LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS.
002CA00242 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1550 1250 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM SW PART BURIED SOIL M80. BELOW SPIT 97. MATRIX SLIGHTLY SILTY. OCCASIONAL SMALL WEATHERED CHALK. FEWER FINDS THAN 241 >N. MOSTLY IN 2 LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS.
002CA00293 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1400 1360 5 UNDULATING SPIT EXCAVATED IN SE-MOST AREA BURIED SOIL M80. TO FLATTEN UPSTANDING AREA LEFT AFTER 1st CLEARANCE SPIT 104. SOME CLAY AND W/B IN MATRIX. FEW FINDS.
002CA00296 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 2400 1400 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM NE PART OF BURIED SOIL M80. BELOW 1st CLEARANCE SPIT 102. MATRIX LIGHT. SLIGHTLY SILTY. HIGH HILLWASH CONTENT. NATURAL GRAVEL INVOLUTIONS. FINDS SPARSE.
002CA00297 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 2150 1550 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM BURIED SOILS M80. EAST PART. BELOW 1st CLEARANCE SPIT 103. MATRIX VARIABLE. OFTEN SLIGHTLY CLAYEY. LIGHTER/SILTIER TOWARDS NTH. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK.
002CA00298 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1700 1400 5 UNDULATING SPIT REMOVED FROM SE PART BURIED SOIL M80. BELOW 1st CLEARANCE SPIT 104. ALSO BELOW SPITS 293 AND 299 IN SE CORNER OF WINDOW. CLAYEY. A LITTLE W/B. OCCASIONAL SMALL CHALK.
002CA00299 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1250 700 6 UNDULATING 2nd SMALL SPIT EXCAVATED IN SE AREA BURIED SOIL M80. TO FLATTEN UPSTANDING AREA LEFT AFTER 1st CLEARANCE 104 AND CLEANING SPIT 293. Q COMPACT AND CLAYEY. FEW FINDS.
002CA00318 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 2400 1700 6 UNDULATING SPIT REMOVING LOWER LEVELS OF BURIED SOIL M80. SE PART. REVEALING UPPER STREAM DEPOSITS AND EARLIER BURIED SOIL M81 IN SE CORNER OF WINDOW. SLIGHTLY THICKER >S.
002CA00319 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1700 1135 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM SW PART BURIED SOIL M80. TO REMOVE UPSTANDING AREA LEFT AFTER REMOVAL OF SPIT 242 ABOVE. BURROWED SANDY LOAM. OCCASIONAL WEATHERED SMALL CHALK.
002CA00751 ARTIFACT/S SUB-RECTANGULAR 5800 2100 1 No entry ASSIGNED TO EXPOSED/PART-EXPOSED FINDS LIFTED FROM E WINDOW BURIED SOIL M80 AT END 1987 SEASON. MOSTLY BONE FROM LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS EXPOSED BY SPITS 240-2. 319.
002CA00770 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1875 1265 2 FLAT ONE OF FOUR SPITS REMOVING TWO CMS FROM BURIED SOIL. FINDS MOSTLY BONES IN TWO LINEAR CONCENTRATIONS. POTTERY AND STONE AND ONE IRON KNIFE.
002CA00772 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2100 1450 2 FLAT 1 OF 4 SPITS OVER BURIED SOIL. FINDS POT BONE AND STONE. 2 DISTINCT COMPLEXES OF N/S GULLIES VISIBLE COINCIDING WITH FINDS CONC. IN 240-242 ABOVE.
002CA00775 SPIT RECTANGULAR 5890 1550 2 FLAT ABOVE STONY BURIED SOIL M81 AND STREAM DEPOSITS AND MIXED SILTY SAND AND GRAVEL.
002CA00809 SPIT No entry 1310 880 2 FLAT SPIT IN SW CORNER OF AREA 2CA. BOUNDED TO W BY CHALK KNOLL. FINDS OF BONE POT AND FLINT.
002CA00810 SPIT No entry 1330 770 2 FLAT SPIT TO S OF 809. FINDS DISPERSED WITH ONE NOTABLE CONC. (SEE BOOK). FINDS OF BONE POT FLINT AND FE NAIL. LARGE PROP. OF BONE BURNT.
002CA00813 SPIT IRREGULAR 1660 1630 7 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM BURIED SOIL M81 IN SW PART OF AREA 2CA. FINDS OF BONE POT FLINT STONE AND SLAG.