002CA00081     Buried Soil

Stratigraphic Matrix Diagram

                    002CA00001                          
                                                 
                                                 
              002CA00080                                  
                                               002CA00042  
                                                 
        002CA00073     002CA00741    002CA00320     002CA00058             002CA00082          
                                                 
    002CA00775                   002CA00059         002CA00088   002CA00811   002CA00086   002CA00044  
                                                 
                  002CA00351   002CA00074       002CA00710           002CA00812   002CA00048  
                                                 
                      002CA00085                   002CA00814      
                                              002CA00081  
                                                 
002CA00862   002CA00860   002CA07208                 002CA00094                      
                                                 

The matrix diagram above shows the all the spits in which relate to the buried soil layer 002CA00081 in Area 2CA. Click on the spit number which you wish to see in more detail. If you wish to see the matrix for 002CA00080, or the full matrix, then click here.

All Contexts and Associated Finds Totals

MASTER KEY_ID OBJECTS BONES VOLUME DENSITY
002CA00081 002CA00044 33 2    
  002CA00048 110 3    
  002CA00058 191 7    
  002CA00059 197 19    
  002CA00073 22 2    
  002CA00074 164 10    
  002CA00082 170 15    
  002CA00085 181 18    
  002CA00086 213 8    
  002CA00088 44 2    
  002CA00320 0 0     
  002CA00351 1 5    
  002CA00710 0 0     
  002CA00741 0 0     
  002CA00775 30 28    
  002CA00811 15 0     
  002CA00812 26 3    
  002CA00814 110 4    

Discussion

The southernmost of two distinct layers (the other being 002CA00080) of buried soil, which follow the eastern edge of a chalk knoll. It consisted mainly of sandy or silty clay loam, with Munsell colours varying from 10YR 3/4 to 10YR 5/6. Both buried soils were excavated by the systematic removal of a number of spits. It became apparent that the northern, more loamy of the two buried soils (002CA00080), sealed the southern, more stony 002CA00081. Buried soil 002CA00081 was removed in 15 spits, with the spits in the west removed by trowelling, and the spits in the east initially by shovel-scraping and then trowelling. The sheer density of material from these deposits was staggering, with the two buried soils together accounting for 5.17% of all objects and 2.12% of all animal bones found from the entire settlement excavation. However, they each contained a different ratio of objects to animal bones with 002CA00081 containing 1508 objects (92%) and only 126 animal bones (8%). This can be compared with 2519 objects (57%) and 1910 animal bones (43%) from buried soil 002CA00080 to the north.

Note that 2 (002CA00073 and 002CA00741) of the spits were removed during the excavation of stream channel master 002CA07208, and these spits are discussed in that entry. Also numbers 002CA00320, 002CA00351 and 002CA00710 were all given out to part of the same buried soil (002CA00081), which were excavated in the stream channel area. It seems likely that this buried soil was the same deposit as 002CA00890 and 002CB00890 just to the east, as it shared the same stony nature and low animal bone to object ratio.

Context Details

KEY_ID TYPE SHAPE L B D PROFILE NOTES
002CA00044 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2280 1360 5 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN SOUTHERNMOST WINDOW. BURIED SOIL M81. REMOVAL OF VEGETATION AND SURFACE EXPOSED OVER WINTER. MACHINE UNDULATIONS PARTLY REMOVED. MOSTLY STONY BURIED SOIL.
002CA00048 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2280 1360 5 UNDULATING REMOVAL OF FINAL PATCHES OF BURIED SOIL M81. SOUTHERNMOST BURIED SOIL WINDOW. MATERIAL RECOVERED NEARLY ALL ANGLIAN. BUT RELATIONSHIP TO GRUB 70 NOT DETERMINABLE.
002CA00058 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2400 2350 3 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN BURIED SOIL M81. AREA S OF MAIN STREAM TRENCH 2CA. MOSTLY TROWELLED. BUT S SIDE PARTLY SHOVELLED. FINDS ALMOST ENTIRELY SMALL AND ABRADED.
002CA00059 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2400 2350 5 UNDULATING 2ND TROWELLED SPIT STONY BURIED SOIL M81. BETWEEN TRENCHES 2R AND 2W. MAX DEPTH ON N SIDE. WHERE MACHINE LUMPS HIGHEST. GRAVEL THROUGHOUT. CLAY CONTENT HIGH.
002CA00073 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1080 225 3 FLAT 3RD SPIT E END MAIN STREAM TRENCH. S AREA 2CA. REMOVAL OF LOWER LEVEL OF BURIED SOIL M81. SOME FLUVIAL MATERIAL AT E END. MORE GRAVEL INCLUSIONS THAN SPITS ABOVE.
002CA00074 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2400 750 5 FLAT TROWELLED AREA IMMEDIATELY N AND W OF TRENCH 2W. SOUTHERNMOST AREA 2CA. REVEALING VERY GRAVELLY SURFACE WITH MARKEDLY LESS LOAM THAN THIS. STREAM MATERIAL PROPER.
002CA00082 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1390 1740 2 UNDULATING INITIAL CLEAN OF SW CORNER 2CA. REMOVAL OF UPSTANDING AREAS LEFT BY MACHINING AND PRONOUNCED HIGHER AREA ALONG W SITE BAULK.
002CA00085 SPIT RECTANGULAR 2400 750 4 FLAT FINAL AREA CLEAN OF STREAM SURFACE IMMEDIATELY E OF TRENCH 2W. S PART 2CA. ?FEATURES NOW VISIBLE CUT INTO GRAVELLY CLAY AT S END. FINDS SMALL AND ABRADED.
002CA00086 SPIT RECTANGULAR 1030 509 5 UNDULATING TROWEL SPIT REMOVED FROM SW CORNER 2CA. REMOVING IRREGULARITIES LEFT BY MACHINING. NUMEROUS SMALL GRAVEL INCLUSIONS THROUGHOUT. W SIDE OF STREAM EXPOSED.
002CA00088 SPIT RECTANGULAR 881 1220 2 UNDULATING SPIT EXCAVATED FROM TOP OF STREAM. ADJOINING SPIT 86 IN SW CORNER 2CA. SIMILAR MATERIAL TO THAT EXCAVATED IN 82 ABOVE. SLIGHTLY HIGHER CHALK GRAVEL CONTENT.
002CA00320 BURIED SOIL AMORPHOUS 1420 1015 0 FLAT UNEXCAVATED (1987) STONY BURIED SOIL M81. REVEALED BY EXCAVATION OF LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. IN SE CORNER OF LARGE WINDOW. SMALL CHALK THROUGH. OUT. UPPER INTERFACE CLEAR.
002CA00351 BURIED SOIL LINEAR 1200 200 23 FLAT UPPER LAYER REMOVED FROM STREAM TRENCH BETWEEN 2R-2W. BELOW LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. STONY BURIED SOIL M81 OVER EASTERNMOST 2.5m OF TRENCH. ELSEWHERE OVER STREAM.
002CA00710 BURIED SOIL LINEAR 275 200 11 UNDULATING STONY BURIED SOIL M81. EXCAVATED OVER EASTERNMOST 2.5m SOUTH STREAM TRENCH. BELOW LOAMY BURIED SOIL M80. SLIGHTLY CLAYEY. SMALL CHALK THROUGHOUT. FADES TO W. FINDS UNDER #351.
002CA00741 SPIT LINEAR 210 200 10 FLAT STONY BURIED SOIL. BELOW LOAMIER BURIED SOIL M80. EXCAVATED FROM CENTRAL PART OF MAIN STREAM SECTION 2CA. PREVIOUSLY REMOVED FROM SE END TRENCH(SPIT 48 AND c). FADES >NW.
002CA00811 SPIT RECTANGULAR 960 540 2 FLAT SPIT TO S OF SPIT 810. FINDS OF BONE POT AND FLINT. NO FURTHER RECORD IN CONTEXT BOOK.
002CA00812 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1105 610 5 FLAT SPIT REMOVED FROM UPSTANDING AREA OF BURIED SOIL M81. FINDS SPARSE MOSTLY SMALL BONE AND ABRADED POT. ONE SIGNIFICANT CONC. (SEE BOOK).
002CA00814 SPIT SUB-RECTANGULAR 1105 610 6 FLAT SPIT OF BURIED SOIL M81. FINDS OF BONE POT FLINT AND SLAG.

002CA00351 Objects

KEY_ID OB PERIOD MATERIAL TYPE SUB_TYPE CLASS No
002CA00351 AA   STONE STONE   SANDSTONE 1

002CA00351 Animal Bones

KEY_ID SPECIES ELEMENT QUANT CHEW BURN BUTCH FBRK
002CA00351 Cattle Horncore 1 0 0 0 0
002CA00351 Cattle Humerus P 1 0 0 0 0
002CA00351 Cattle M/T P 1 0 0 0 0
002CA00351 Cattle Scapula 1 0 0 0 1
002CA00351 Sheep/Goat Tibia D 1 0 0 0 0